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[26] As president, he was known for his flamboyant style. It was not until July 2009 that Taylor took the stand in his own defense. [28] This uprising signaled the beginning of the Second Liberian Civil War. It’s unbelievable that it’s been 10 years since the former Liberian Dictator, Kleptocrat, Murderer in Chief, Rebel Kingpin Charles “Gangster” Taylor disgracefully abdicated his throne under the combined pressure from the international community, the rebel forces of LURD and MODEL. [59] The SCSL unanimously ruled that he was guilty of all 11 counts of "aiding and abetting" war crimes and crimes against humanity,[60] making him the first (former) head of state to be convicted by an international tribunal since Karl Dönitz at the Nuremberg Trials. He will be sentenced on 30 May. Jewel Taylor currently serves as the Vice President of Liberia. His critics said he disregarded this prohibition. He attended The Newman School in his early years. Truth and Reconciliation Commission [TRC] (Hrsg. He harshly criticized the United States in his farewell address, saying that the Bush administration's insistence that he leave the country would hurt Liberia. A pouch of 'dirty little stones' proved the undoing of Charles Taylor, a billionaire cannibal dictator with a fondness for the company of supermodels. [40][41], In early June 2006, the decision on whether to hold Taylor's trial in Freetown or in Leidschendam had not yet been made by the new SCSL president, George Gelaga King. Ghanaian President John Kufuor, South African President Thabo Mbeki, and Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano, all representing African regional councils, were present at his announcement. His Range Rover with Nigerian diplomatic plates was stopped by border guards, and Taylor's identity was eventually established. The subsequent investigation by the Commonwealth of Virginia concluded that Robertson diverted his ministry's donations to the Liberian diamond-mining operation. Charles Taylor worked for U.S. intelligence agencies during his rise to become one of Africa’s most notorious dictators. Following Doe's execution, Taylor gained control of a large portion of the country and became one of the most prominent warlords in Africa. Taylor supported the 12 April 1980 coup led by Samuel Doe, which resulted in the murder of President William R. Tolbert Jr. and seizure of power by Doe. According to most reports, his father was an Americo-Liberian who worked as a teacher, sharecropper, lawyer and judge. He was also accused of assisting the RUF in the recruitment of child soldiers. Due to a UN embargo against arms sales to Liberia at the time, these weapons were largely purchased on the black market through arms smugglers such as Viktor Bout. Attorney General of Virginia Mark Earley blocked any prosecution of Robertson, as the relief supplies were also sent. [11] Shortly thereafter, Taylor and two other escapees were met at nearby Jordan Hospital by Taylor's wife, Enid, and Taylor's sister-in-law, Lucia Holmes Toweh. [1] On 11 August, Taylor resigned, with Blah serving as president until a transitional government was established on 14 October. Charles Ghankay Taylor born January 28, 1948 in Arthington near Monrovia - Liberian politician, former president and dictator of Liberia, the first leader of the African state condemned by the international tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Frick, from three U.S. Navy amphibious ships waiting off the Liberian coast. He was accused of aiding the rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF) through weapon sales in exchange for blood diamonds. [3] Following a peace deal that ended the war, Taylor was elected president in the 1997 general election. On 9 July, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo offered Taylor exile in his country on the condition that Taylor stay out of Liberian politics. [86] On 6 December 2019 the Central Criminal Court (The Old Bailey) in London decided to dismiss the charges against Agnes Reeves Taylor. The U.S. brought Joint Task Force Liberia's Amphibious Ready Group of three warships with 2,300 Marines into view of the coast. Additionally, there was widespread fear in the country that Taylor would resume the war if he lost. The fighting also spilled over into neighbouring Sierra Leone, and at one point the Economic Community of West African States attempted to intervene with peacekeeping troops. [87] However, after rendering its judgment, the UK Supreme Court sent the case back to the Central Criminal Court to consider further evidence from the prosecution's expert and apply the legal standard confirmed by the Supreme Court to the facts of the case. [50] Furthermore, Joseph "Zigzag" Marzah, a former military commander, testified that Charles Taylor celebrated his new-found status during the civil war by ordering human sacrifice, including the killings of Taylor's opponents and allies that were perceived to have betrayed Taylor, and by having a pregnant woman buried alive in sand. [30] Earlier that year, Liberian forces had killed Sam Bockarie, a leading member of the RUF in Sierra Leone, in a shootout under Taylor's orders. [73], Taylor has three children with his second wife Victoria Addison Taylor; the youngest, Charlize, was born in March 2010. He took the name "Ghankay" later on, possibly to please and gain favor with indigenous Liberians. Charles Taylor, leader of the rebel National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) waves to recruits 28 May 1990 upon seizing the port of Buchanan, 200 kms (120 miles) from the capital Monrovia. Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a former Liberian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003, due to the Second Liberian Civil War and growing international pressure. The verdict, which was issued on April 26, 2012, found Taylor guilty on all 11 counts of bearing responsibility for the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by rebel forces during Sierra Leone’s civil war, because he had aided and abetted the perpetrators; he was not, however, found guilty of having ordered or having instigated the crimes. During Taylor's absence for the peace talks in Ghana, the U.S. government was alleged to have urged Vice President Moses Blah to seize power. Before he could be extradited, he escaped and subsequently appeared in Libya, where he formed the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), a militia group that invaded the country in late 1989. Corrections? [75][76] In 2014, Victoria was denied a visa to visit her husband while he serves his sentence in the United Kingdom. [9], In 1977, Taylor earned a degree at Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States.[10]. On 17 March 2006, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the newly elected President of Liberia, submitted an official request to Nigeria for Taylor's extradition. This group was frequently accused of atrocities, and is thought to have been backed by the government of neighboring Guinea. [77][78], Taylor also has another son, a U.S. citizen named Charles McArther Emmanuel, born to his college girlfriend. Meanwhile, the dictator’s biological son (Teodorin Obiang) is living luxuriously in riches. 1 of 10 While the peace agreement had guaranteed Taylor safe exile in Nigeria, it also required that he refrain from influencing Liberian politics. [18], According to a 2 June 1999 article in The Virginian-Pilot,[19] Taylor had extensive business dealings with American televangelist Pat Robertson during the civil war. Although the election was widely reckoned as free and fair by international observers, Taylor had a huge advantage going into it. [33] With the backing of South African president Thabo Mbeki and against the urging of Sierra Leone president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Ghana consequently declined to detain Taylor, who returned to Monrovia. [55], On 8 February 2011, the trial court ruled in a 2–1 decision that it would not accept Taylor's trial summary, as the summary had not been submitted by the 14 January deadline. Logistical support was provided by a California company called PAE Government Services Inc., which was given a $10 million contract by the U.S. State Department. "[7], Taylor was born in Arthington, a town near the capital of Monrovia, Liberia, on 28 January 1948, to Nelson and Yassa Zoe (Louise) Taylor. On 15 October 2013 he was transferred to British custody, and began serving his sentence at HM Prison Frankland in County Durham, England. [47] The Association for the Legal Defence of Charles G. Taylor was established in June 2006 to assist in his legal defence. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Taylor escaped the United States without issue. In addition to aiding the RUF in these acts, Taylor reportedly personally directed RUF operations in Sierra Leone. As result, the possibility arose that Taylor might be arrested by Ghanaian authorities; in response, Taylor's chief bodyguard and military commander Benjamin Yeaten threatened to execute Ghanaians who lived in Liberia, deterring Ghana's government from taking action. Charles Taylor. Charles Taylor (1997-2003) Before Taylor - Samuel Doe was elected president - A Civil War - No peace Before Taylor Samuel Doe Member of the Krahn Tribe Favored the Krahn Tribe How did Taylor become president Presidency Plan: Become president Civil War Samuel Doe Things that went The country was subsequently gripped again by civil war, and Taylor, accused of gross human rights violations, was indicted by a UN-sponsored war-crimes tribunal (the Special Court for Sierra Leone) in 2003. [5] He was found guilty in April 2012 of all eleven charges levied by the Special Court, including terror, murder and rape. His sentence was upheld on appeal. He was the main cause of the Liberian civil war, which killed many innocent Liberians. Charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes committed during Sierra Leone’s civil war, he was later sent to The Hague, where he was to be tried before the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Taylor’s Uprising, Human Rights violations & War Crimes (1990–1997); 7.2. He was sacked in May 1983 for embezzling an estimated $1,000,000 and sending the funds to another bank account. Liberian Dictator Sets the Stage for His Downfall. The investigation into whether Taylor had indeed trafficked in diamonds was highly publicized, in part because British model Naomi Campbell was called to testify in August 2010 about a stone (or a number of stones) that Taylor allegedly had given her in South Africa in 1997. He attended college in the United States, where in 1977 he received a degree in economics from Bentley College in Waltham, Massachusetts. This was during his trial by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague. …leaders of two rebel groups, Charles Ghankay Taylor and Prince Johnson, contended for power after Doe’s downfall and execution. The first of many is Charles Taylor. However, Reeves Taylor was not found innocent. On 4 December, Interpol issued a red notice regarding Taylor, suggesting that countries had a duty to arrest him. Templeton Prize 2007, Gifford Lectures 1998-99 and 2009British Academy, 1 June 2012 [24] Taylor was charged with aiding and abetting RUF atrocities against civilians, which left many thousands dead or mutilated, with unknown numbers of people abducted and tortured. The SCSL prosecutor originally indicted Taylor on 3 March 2003 on a 17-counts for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the conflict in Sierra Leone. [17] The civil war turned into an ethnic conflict, with seven factions among indigenous peoples and the Americo-Liberians fighting for control of Liberia's resources (especially iron ore, diamonds, timber, and rubber). In order for a member of a non-State armed group to be prosecuted for torture, the group must have been exercising “governmental functions”. The war dragged on for seven years as new factions arose and neighbouring countries became enmeshed in the strife. [51] Marzah also accused Taylor of forcing cannibalism on his soldiers in order to terrorize their enemies. In response, Taylor and his counsel boycotted the trial and refused an order by the court to begin closing arguments. 22nd President of Liberia (1997-2003); convicted war criminal, "How Charles Taylor Escaped from Jail". Alternative Title: Charles Ghankay Taylor Charles Taylor, in full Charles Ghankay Taylor, (born January 27, 1948, Liberia), Liberian politician and guerrilla leader who served as Liberia’s president from 1997 until he was forced into exile in 2003. (President Charles Ghankay Taylor)", Charles Taylor 'worked' for CIA in Liberia, "Former Liberian dictator Charles Taylor had US spy agency ties", "Grim legacy of Liberia's most isolated town", "Charles Taylor – preacher, warlord, president", "The Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor", "Female Victim Pleads for War Crimes Court", "Nigeria Readies Peace Force for Liberia; Battles Go On", "Nigeria Says Ex-President of Liberia Has Disappeared", "Chief Prosecutor Announces the Arrival of Charles Taylor at the Special Court", "THE PROSECUTOR OF THE SPECIAL COURT V. CHARLES GHANKAY TAYLOR Monday, 4 June 2007", "SIERRA LEONE: Decision on Taylor trial venue rests with head of Special Court", International Tribunals (Sierra Leone) Act 2007, "Mixed Feelings over Charles Taylor's Transfer to The Hague", "Witness in Taylor war crimes trial in hiding after threats", Top aide testifies Taylor ordered soldiers to eat victims, "Taylor: I Didn't Know Sierra Leone Rebel Pre-1991", "Charles Taylor's team rests case in war crimes trial", "Charles Taylor Boycotts End of War Crimes Trial", "Judges allow Charles Taylor's closing arguments", "Warlord Convicted: Liberia's Charles Taylor Found Guilty of War Crimes", "Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail", "In his last stand, Charles Taylor defends himself as a peacemaker", "Prosecutors seek 80-year sentence for Charles Taylor", "Charles Taylor sentenced to 50 years in prison for war crimes", "Judges uphold Charles Taylor's jail sentence", "Ex-warlord Charles Taylor's family say he is being 'ill-treated' in British jail", "Liberia's Charles Taylor transferred to UK", "50-Year Sentence Upheld for Ex-President of Liberia", "Ex-Liberia President Charles Taylor to stay in UK prison", "LIBERIA: Charles Taylor's wife has divorce petition granted", "In Monrovia, Charles Taylor's wife awaits his verdict", "Wife of war crimes suspect Charles Taylor gives birth", "Charles Taylor's Wife Denied Visa, As Husband Celebrates 66th Birth Anniversary behind Bars in UK", "No access to family: Taylor's wife laments after UK denies visa", Ex-prisoner: Taylor's son laughed at torture", Ex-Liberian president's son convicted of torture", "UK judge dismisses charges against Charles Taylor's ex-wife", "Liberia: Charles Taylor's NPP Welcomes 'Founding Mother' Agnes Taylor; Months After War Crimes Charges Dropped in UK", "Liberia: Charles Taylor's NPP Welcomes 'Founding Mother' Agnes Taylor - Months After War Crimes Charges Dropped in UK", "Ex-wife of former Liberian president charged with torture", Nigeria agrees to hand Taylor over to Liberia, The trial of Charles Taylor – TRIAL WATCH, 10 Fascinating Things About Charles Taylor, Firestone and the Warlord – Frontline, PBS, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Taylor_(Liberian_politician)&oldid=1017229756, Escapees from United States federal government detention, Liberian people convicted of crimes against humanity, People convicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone, People convicted of crimes against humanity, Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Articles with dead external links from November 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Crimes against humanity including, acts of terrorism, murder, atrocities against personal dignity, rape, slavery, mutilation, use of children under the age of 15 in armed forces or groups, or use them to actively participate in hostilities, looting and other acts inhuman, Terrorising the civilian population and collective punishments, Violence to life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular murder, Sexual slavery and any other form of sexual violence, Violence to life, health and physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular cruel treatment, Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years into armed forces or groups, or using them to participate actively in hostilities, WC = Violation of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II (war crimes), VIHL = Other serious violation of international humanitarian law, Taylor is a prominent character in the 2004 novel, The character Andre Baptiste Sr. from the 2005 film. [31], In June 2003, Alan White, the Prosecutor to the Special Court unsealed the indictment and announced publicly that Taylor was charged with war crimes. [22] Taylor won the election in a landslide, garnering 75 percent of the vote. Founded National Patriotic December 30, 2002. By 2003, Taylor had lost control of much of the countryside and was formally indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Meanwhile, several African states, in particular the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) under the leadership of Nigeria, sent troops under the banner of ECOMIL to Liberia.[37]. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). On 29 March, Taylor tried to cross the border into Cameroon through the border town of Gamboru in northeastern Nigeria. The indictment asserted that Taylor created and backed the RUF rebels in Sierra Leone, who were accused of a range of atrocities, including the use of child soldiers. The Perspective Atlanta, Georgia. Charles G. Taylor, the former president of Liberia, had appealed a sentence imposed last year in a case seen as a watershed for modern human rights law. British Foreign Minister Margaret Beckett stated that new legislation would be required to accommodate this arrangement. [62] Sentencing hearings commenced on 3 May[63] and were announced on 30 May. [27] Upon being charged by the UN of being a gunrunner and diamond smuggler during his presidency, Taylor appeared in all-white robes and begged God for forgiveness, while denying the charges. [citation needed]. Charles’s full name is Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor and he was the 22nd president of Liberia. The indictment was unsealed during Taylor's official visit to Ghana, where he was participating in peace talks with MODEL and LURD officials. Nigeria agreed only to release Taylor and not to extradite him, as no extradition treaty existed between the two countries. [, "Taylor's Judgement Expected: Final Argument Advanced: Justice Minister Flies Back". Dictator Charles Taylor is on Facebook. [53] Taylor testified in his own defence from July through November 2009. Although the NPFL never took the capital, it controlled the countryside and its rich natural resources. That year, he resigned, as a result of growing international pressure; he went into exile in Nigeria. View In 1984, Charles Taylor was arrested in Massachusetts on a warrant for extradition to Liberia for allegedly embezzling nearly a million dollars from the Liberian government. According to two Operation Blessing pilots who reported this incident in 1994 to the Commonwealth of Virginia for investigation, Robertson used his Operation Blessing aeroplanes to haul diamond-mining equipment to his new mines in Liberia, while telling his 700 Club viewers that the planes were sending relief supplies to the victims of the genocide in Rwanda. On 2 June 2017, she was arrested in London by the Metropolitan Police and charged with torture on the grounds of her suspected involvement with the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NFPL) rebel group, which was led by her ex-husband, during the First Liberian Civil War, from 1989 to 1996. On 16 March 2006, a SCSL judge gave leave to amend the indictment against Taylor. By Winsley S. Nanka. More than one-third of the total population lived in this area. Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a former Liberian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003, due to the Second Liberian Civil War and growing international pressure. Charles Taylor is also said to have been the husband or partner to Agnes Reeves Taylor[81][circular reference][82] Agnes and Charles met when Taylor was head of the General Services Agency in the mid 1980s during the regime of former President Samuel Kanyon Doe. [20], After the official end of the civil war in 1996, Taylor ran for president in the 1997 general election. [4], During his term of office, Taylor was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity as a result of his involvement in the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002). During his presidency, Taylor was alleged to have been involved directly in the Sierra Leone Civil War. Domestically, opposition to his government grew, culminating in the outbreak of the Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003). Charles Taylor provide an unrivalled and growing range of insurance services, claims and technology solutions across the globe, with a specialism in complex situations requiring distinctive technical expertise and technology. In 2003, members of the Krahn tribe founded a rebel group, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), opposing Taylor. During his time in office, Taylor cut the size of the Armed Forces of Liberia, dismissing 2,400–2,600 former personnel, many of whom were ethnic Krahn brought in by former President Doe to give advantage to his people. Charles Taylor’s career is ending as it began. [5][23] In its place, Taylor installed the Anti-Terrorist Unit, the Special Operations Division of the Liberian National Police (LNP), which he used as his own private army. [32][33] The Prosecutor also said that Taylor's administration had harbored members of Al-Qaeda sought in connection with the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.[34]. On 10 August, Taylor appeared on national television to announce that he would resign the following day and hand power to Vice President Blah. On 16 June 2006, the United Nations Security Council agreed unanimously to allow Taylor to be sent to Leidschendam for trial; on 20 June 2006, Taylor was extradited and flown to Rotterdam Airport in the Netherlands. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [64][65] He was about 64 at the time. They drove a getaway car to Staten Island in New York, where Taylor disappeared. The Court's decision came after the UK Supreme Court confirmed, in a historic judgment on 13 November 2019, that members of non-State armed groups may be prosecuted for crimes of torture under section 134(1) of the UK Criminal Justice Act 1988, thus legally paving the way for the case against Agnes Reeves Taylor to proceed to trial.

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