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We randomly assigned reporters to be recruited by community nomination and to be recognized by community leaders in an attempt to select for and motivate information sharing. Riot police and military forces dispersed the protesters using clubs and water cannons, and several opposition politicians were beaten. Models 1, 3 and 5 include respondent fixed effects, while Models 2, 4 and 6 include municipality fixed effects and a set of individual-level controls (gender, age, income and education level). These findings suggest a second phase in research on democratic fatigue that broadens the analytical scope for the multi-faceted nature of democratic support. Our recommendations challenge dominant liberal-democratic frameworks by emphasizing variation across the (1) objects of tolerance; (2) possible responses to difference; and (3) sources of tolerance. Issues per year n/a Articles published last year n/a Manuscripts received last year n/a The results suggest that proximity to historical Muslim trade routes was positively associated with urbanization in 1200 but not in 1800. … Surprisingly, social out-groups are not perceived as more violent, but respondents favor repressing them anyway. Democracies without democrats are not sustainable. A large literature claims that such policies are surprisingly popular and have few electoral costs. The design of the social environment inevitably makes some choices easier than others. Journal info (provided by editor) The editor of British Journal of Political Science has not yet provided information for this page. To explore the mechanisms behind these results, the author introduces a new metric of ministerial responsiveness and shows that female ministers are significantly more responsive than their male counterparts to the speeches of female backbenchers. They have major implications for the study of institutional design and coalition politics. The research represents, to the author's knowledge, the first systematic and directional test of a range of competing theories of UK parliamentary reform, shedding light on the process of parliamentary reform over a prolonged period of Commons history, and advancing several new measures of polarization in the UK House of Commons. Tolerance underlies many contemporary controversies, yet theorists and political scientists study it in strikingly different ways. Yet, recent studies have argued that Western citizens are turning their backs on the system of self-governance, thereby eroding the societal foundations of consolidated democracies. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. New Evidence from Eighteen Consolidated Democracies, 1981–2018, Who Benefits? Support for repressing a nonthreatening out-group is at least as large as support for repressing a threatening in-group. This article argues that preference architecture constitutes a fundamental challenge to the justificatory basis of Libertarian Paternalism. Hate Speech Prosecution of Politicians and its Effect on Support for the Legal System and Democracy, Libertarian Paternalism and the Problem of Preference Architecture, The Ties That Bind: Text Similarities and Conditional Diffusion among Parties, Constitutional Rigidity Matters: A Veto Players Approach, The Effect of Austerity Packages on Government Popularity During the Great Recession, The Effects of China's Development Projects on Political Accountability, Have Europeans Grown Tired of Democracy? Using new survey items in a large representative survey administered in Britain, it shows that citizens' economic assessments of the ethnic minority out-group – in relation to the group's situation 12 months ago and to assessments of the economic conditions of the white British in-group – are a predictor of support for Brexit. It then explains why the lack of constitutional rigidity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for significant constitutional amendments in democratic countries. Comparative analyses of party policy diffusion are only just emerging. The findings reveal that disabled citizens and candidates are more supportive of healthcare and general public spending, even within parties. These results imply that elected officials enjoy less leeway for their actions than existing work allows, and highlight important tensions concerning the relationship between elite behavior and accountability processes. Hans Baerwald,Party Politics in Japan (Winchester, To send this article to your account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. It finds that there is little room for cross-border diffusion as successful parties stick to their old program. American Journal of Political Science, 53 (2009), 950-70; HeeMin Kim and Richard C. Fording, ‘Voter Ideology, the Economy, and the International Environment in Western Democracies, 1952-1989’, Political Behavior, 23 (2001), 53-73. These findings highlight the dilemma that authoritarian rulers face when they seek to consolidate their rule through repression. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Differently from other parties, centrist parties cannot alter their policy platforms to compensate for their deteriorated valence image. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. The article also finds some evidence that this effect is further amplified for people who hold anti-immigrant and anti-welfare attitudes or feel economically insecure. Whether citizens are better represented by politicians ‘like them’ has been the subject of much debate and analysis. First, the study shows that, on average, austerity packages hurt incumbent parties in opinion polls. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection. They identify conscious learning, rather than mere imitation or independent decision making, as the diffusion mechanism at work. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. CrossRef Google Scholar Kunioka , T and Woller , GM ( 1999 ) In (a) democracy we trust: social and economic determinants of support for democratic procedures in central and Eastern Europe . 461-2. The British Journal of Political Science (BJPolS) is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. In contrast, military assistance has no effect on violence in established, non-personalist regimes. Journal of Common Market Studies, 33 (1995), 526–51; Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks, ‘The Making of a Polity: The Struggle over European Integration’ in Herbert Kitschelt, Peter Lange, Gary Marks and John Stephens, eds, Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (Cambridge: However, because military aid strengthens the security forces of the recipient state, it generates a moral hazard that encourages exclusionary power consolidation, with the expectation that continued military aid will help manage violent blowback. Where government co-ethnics are in the majority, public goods benefit all locals regardless of their ethnic identity. Secondly, using individual-level data from sixty election surveys covering ten countries, the article shows that voters' perceptions of the economy have a greater impact on government support when the government is inexperienced. Following forty-one transitions since 1940, including those in Mexico, Taiwan, Bulgaria and Ghana, the ruling party survived and won power after democratization. The proposed theory gives rise to different expectations at the domestic and transnational levels because of the distinct logic of issue competition. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. In recent years centrist-liberal parties, such as the German Free Democratic Party (FDP) in 2013 and the British Liberal Democrats in 2015 and 2017, suffered enormous electoral defeats. This article investigates governments’ strategies to provide ethnic favors in Africa. International Scientific Journal & Country Ranking. Political Science, 1 (2006), 201–26; Jeffrey M. Stonecash, Class and Party in American Politics (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 2000). The authors assemble a pooled time-series data set for monthly support for ruling parties from fifteen European countries and treat austerity packages as intervention variables to the underlying popularity series. A review of the empirical literature on the migration–terrorism nexus indicates that (1) there is little evidence that more migration unconditionally leads to more terrorist activity, especially in Western countries, (2) terrorism has electoral and political (but sometimes short-lived) ramifications, for example, as terrorism promotes anti-immigrant resentment and (3) the effectiveness of stricter migration policies in deterring terrorism is rather limited, while terrorist attacks lead to more restrictive migration policies. This article focuses on China's resource-related development projects, which have been considered controversial due to the relative lack of conditionality. It shows that individuals who grew up in localities that were exposed to more state-sponsored violence in the late 1960s are less trusting of national political leaders and more critical of the country's political system today. The findings, based on survey experiments on over 9,000 individuals in Germany, Sweden and the UK, show that negative framing of immigration has a strong and pervasive effect on support for welfare. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. television, radio, and newspapers), but recent years have witnessed a rapid expansion in the number of studies examining the effect of internet usage on political The results have important implications, especially given the growing politicization of same-sex relations and changing media consumption habits across Africa. This article bridges the gap by using recent developments in political theory to enrich empirical research and extend the study of tolerance to contexts beyond liberal democracies, such as authoritarian regimes. The findings link contentious action and public opinion, and demonstrate the susceptibility of this link to framing. Voters use both types of justifications almost equally frequently. Moreover, given the choice between a more centrist and more extreme candidate, they strongly prefer extremists: Democrats do so by about 2 to 1 and Republicans by 10 to 1. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations (BJPIR) is an international journal that publishes innovative, cutting edge contemporary scholarship on international relations, comparative politics, public policy, political theory and (especially) politics and policy in the United Kingdom. Yet in some (but not all) countries, there is evidence of a growing number of ‘democrats in name only’, particularly among the young generation. The literature on the relationship between foreign aid and institutions has found that the effects of aid vary across different donor characteristics and delivery mechanisms. The paper argues for a causal interpretation of these findings, which are robust for the share of children in permanent schools and suggestive for the content of the curriculum. The design of government portfolios – that is, the distribution of competencies among government ministries and office holders – has been largely ignored in the study of executive and coalition politics. Despite extensive research on how the media affects public opinion, including studies that show how exposure to certain information can increase support of LGBTQs, there is virtually no research on how the media influences attitudes towards LGBTQs across Africa. The article evaluates this proposition by studying the long-term effects of state terror during China's Cultural Revolution. Using mathematical simulations, this article shows that centrist parties have limited strategic opportunities to regain their support. Depending on the model specification, turnout increases by 3.5 to 10.6 percentage points in the months after taking up cohabitation. MPs represent their respective group at the beginning of their career because it confers credibility when they have no legislative track record and few opportunities to demonstrate expertise. The success of protests depends on whether they favorably affect public opinion: nonviolent resistance can win public support for a movement, but regimes counter by framing protest as violent and instigated by outsiders. Using survey data from Canada, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom, this article shows that deterioration of centrist parties’ valence image is followed by a collapse of their vote shares. This is the template for LaTeX submissions to British Journal of Political Science (BJPolS).. You can use it to write and collaborate online in LaTeX. Working from a new dataset on the reform of standing orders in the House of Commons over a 205-year period (1811–2015), as well as records of over six million speeches, the author argues that MPs commit more quickly to passing restrictive rules in the face of obstruction when legislator preferences are proximate within both the opposition and government, and when polarization between both sides of the aisle is low. BRITISH JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Volume 2 Part 3 July 1973 ARTICLES ROBERT D. PUTNAM The Political Attitudes of Senior Civil Servants in Western Europe: Pre-liminary Report ANTHONY KING Ideas, Institutions and the Politics of Governments: Comparative Analysis: … The historical development of rules of debate in the UK House of Commons raises an important puzzle: why do members of parliament (MPs) impose limits on their own rights? Linking voter and candidate data from the 2015 British general election, this study examines whether disabled citizens are better represented by disabled elites. Moral justifications are more likely when an issue is personally relevant, as well as when a proposition is accepted, while pragmatic justifications prevail when a proposition is rejected. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. However, voters also accumulate information about governments' competence over time. The authors find support for the theory that the electorate responds as reasonable agents when determining how closely to monitor elected officials: interest is positively related to decreases in trust in government. How does the framing of immigration influence support for the welfare state? While Libertarian Paternalism cannot provide a satisfactory answer, the author defends a contractualist account of paternalism based on a notion of primary goods and democratic deliberation. This study examined if and for whom prosecution of politicians for hate speech undermines support for the legal system and democracy. To better understand the conditions under which diffusion occurs, this article argues that three heuristics – availability, representativeness and anchoring – shape parties' efforts to gather information (from elsewhere), leading to differing diffusion effects. British Journal of Political Science's journal/conference profile on Publons, with 1132 reviews by 555 reviewers - working with reviewers, publishers, institutions, and funding agencies to turn peer review into a measurable research output. We then illustrate the promise of our recommendations with three theoretically informed experiments inspired by historical debates about religious conversion. Finally, the author creates a new dataset on the significance of constitutional amendments and estimates the appropriate (heteroskedastic) model, which corroborates the theoretical expectations and demonstrates that more significant amendments lead to a better fit. The study exploits the fact that two-voter households moving in together right before an election are comparable to those moving in together right after the election. Yet citizens lack incentives to provide information when they do not expect governments to be responsive, and citizen disengagement in turn often prevents governments from providing public goods effectively. This study leverages population registry data from Sweden to examine whether immigrants who live in areas with a high concentration of ethnic minorities are more or less likely to be nominated for political office. Published online by Cambridge University Press. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The findings show that citizens of consolidated democracies continue to endorse self-governance. This article revisits this question by studying the popularity of governments during the economic crisis. Community nominations and public announcements did not increase reporting. This might lead voters to hold experienced governments more accountable for economic conditions. The authors examine Eurasian urbanization patterns as a function of distance to Middle Eastern trade routes before and after 1500 CE – the turning point in European breakthroughs in seafaring, trade and exploration. 4 Magleby (1984), p. 198, quoted in Matsusaka 2005. At the same time, the views of disabled citizens are rarely more congruent with the positions of disabled candidates than those of non-disabled candidates, except on healthcare spending. Three research designs were combined to investigate the case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who was convicted for hate speech against minorities in 2016. What effect does this have on democratic survival? The article distinguishes between three dimensions: (1) threat of harm, (2) bearing of arms and (3) identity of protesters. This article explores these divergent predictions about the relationship between tenure and the economic vote using three datasets. With cyber terrorism a mounting international concern, this study demonstrates how exposure to this threat can generate strong public support for retaliatory policies, depending on the lethality of the attack. An additional problem arises because Japanese electoral politics is heavily person- or candidate-centred (cf. The effect of positive framing is considerably weaker and does not strengthen welfare support in any of the three countries. Thirdly, a nine-year panel study suggested that these effects accumulate into long-term discontent. Three competing explanations have emerged in studies of the US Congress, focusing on efficiency, partisan forces and non-partisan (or: ideology-based) accounts. (2016, 2018), and to apply the proposed framework to issues of school composition and selection. The analysis thus sheds light on (un-)favorable conditions for party policy diffusion and paves the way for future studies applying machine translation and quantitative text analyses. Legislators who share descriptive features with disadvantaged groups do not necessarily represent their group interests. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. If voters are Bayesian learners, then this growing stock of information should crowd out the importance of current economic conditions. At the same time, state control is negatively associated with election violence. That is, empirical evidence suggests that most parties do not converge to the median voter's position, despite the centripetal force of the voters’ preference distribution. The findings have important implications for local integration policies as well as refugee placement policies, as many countries consider local context when resettling refugees. The implications of relative group-based economics are important for understanding Brexit and the economic sources of support for populism more broadly. First, using country-level data from a diverse set of elections, the study finds that support for more experienced governments is less dependent on economic growth. Drawing on research from psychology, specifically the notion of negativity bias and the sequencing of negative and positive information, this article argues that negative immigration frames undermine welfare support, while positive frames have little or no effect. Potentially driving these partisan differences, Republican leaders are especially likely to believe that extremists can win general elections and overestimate the electorate's conservatism by double digits. Although past studies have provided evidence of transnational emulation of parties' position-taking strategies, these findings do not directly apply to saliency strategies. These findings have important implications for theories of distributive politics and conflict in multi-ethnic societies. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. This study examines a large administrative dataset containing detailed information about validated turnout and the timing of individuals moving in together, and finds evidence of a substantial and robust increase in turnout after cohabitation. virtually no journals, articles, books or courses devoted to the subject. Findings also confirm that anger bridges exposure to cyber terrorism and retaliation, rather than psychological mechanisms such as threat perception or anxiety as other studies propose. Outside of these strongholds, incumbents pursue discriminatory strategies and only their co-ethnics gain from favoritism. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. In the context of a difference-in-differences design that exploits over-time variation in the gender of cabinet ministers, the article demonstrates that female ministers substantially increase the participation of other female MPs in relevant debates, compared to when the minister is male. This article argues that local ethnic demography determines whether governments provide non-excludable public goods or more narrowly targeted handouts. Note: the response variables are indicators of political interest, interest in the election outcome and political knowledge. Yet, this scholarship has largely ignored the 1 in 5 people who are disabled and experience economic, social and political marginalization. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. These anti-regime attitudes are more likely to be passed down to the younger generation if family members discuss politics frequently than if they do not. In conclusion, all three studies point in the same direction: economic voting decreases with time in office. However, few studies have analysed whether citizens reason in principled or pragmatic ways on different issues. Individuals take less notice of positive frames, and the effect of such frames is further undermined by the previous exposure to negative frames, which tend to stick longer in people's minds. To promote good governance, citizens can inform governments directly and routinely about the implementation of policies and the delivery of public services. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations requests all authors submitting any primary data used in their research articles [“alongside their article submissions” or “if the articles are accepted”] to be published in the online version of the journal, or provide detailed information in their articles on how the data can be obtained. The study operationalizes the outcome as textual similarity of party manifestos in nineteen Western democracies from 1960 to 2016, applying a text-as-data approach and machine translation. The British Journal of Political Science is an independent journal, whose policy is set by its editorial team with the approval of its editorial board. The authors argue that public perceptions of whether a protest is violent shift based on the framing of the types of action and the identities of participants in those actions. Nevertheless, recent empirical analyses argue that constitutional amendment rules do not matter at all. This article argues that economic concerns matter, but that they are realized through the relative gains and losses of social groups. Does enhanced descriptive representation lead to substantive representation? These results have important implications for political representation and voters–elite linkages. Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Political leaders across Africa frequently accuse the media of promoting homosexuality, while activists often use the media to promote pro-LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) narratives. Moreover, the exact diffusion mechanism remains largely elusive. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Specifically, the study finds that radio and television have no, or a negative, significant effect on pro-gay attitudes, whereas individuals who consume more newspapers, internet or social media are significantly more likely to support LGBTQs (by approximately 2 to 4 per cent). To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Published online by Cambridge University Press. Instead, Members of Parliament (MPs) strategically choose when to engage with the policy topic of their corresponding groups. They argue, further, that policies allowing schools to select all their students on the basis of their parents’ religious affiliation cannot be justified. Would giving party leaders more influence in primary elections in the United States decrease elite polarization? As a result, it is not clear how often ruling parties are actually strong and capable of carrying out important functions. You are leaving Cambridge Core and will be taken to this journal's article submission site. An interested and engaged electorate is widely believed to be an indicator of democratic health. In experiments, they find that local party leaders most prefer nominating candidates who are similar to typical co-partisans, not centrists. Why do some former autocratic parties prosper under democracy while others quickly dissolve? Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. More generally, it explores when, if ever, government paternalism that influences preference formation can be justified. The results, which are robust to prior referendum vote, immigration attitudes and cultural sentiment, extend across income groups and national identity strength. Scholars have long sought to understand when and why the Middle East fell behind Europe in its economic development. During the Great Recession, governments across the continent implemented austerity policies. It further demonstrates that this occurs even when the counter-explanation comes from a partisan source with low credibility. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. The article develops a novel theory of how regime characteristics condition responses to external military support, and identifies a distinct mechanism through which military aid increases domestic political violence. precincts, condemned the elections.3 More than 7,000 opposition supporters protested the results. The results highlight the importance of social norms and the household's essential role as a proximate social network that increases turnout. The authors’ main objectives are to supplement with non-consequentialist considerations a recent, consequentialist, approach to the normative assessment of education policy proposed by Brighouse et al. Their method separately measures persuasion in a latent (left–right) preference space and in a topic-specific preference space. Japan’, American Political Science Review, 87 (1993), 577–89). Cambridge Core - British Journal of Political Science - Volume 51 - Issue 1. A key finding in the literature on authoritarian regimes is that leaders frequently rely on ruling parties to stay in power, but the field lacks systematic ways to measure autocratic party strength.

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